Human Resource Services

Interview Questions

 

Types of Questions and Interviewing Techniques

To help you gather relevant and reliable information on which to base judgments, questions are designed and utilized as communication tools. The kinds of questions you ask largely determine the kind of interview you get back. Described below are different types of questions, which can be helpful in conducting interviews.

Open-Ended (Reporter) Questions
Questions that begin with "how," "why," and "what" invite an applicant to answer at length, and cause the interview to flow as a conversation, permitting the applicant to do most of the talking. These questions invite more elaborate response, either informational or attitudinal. Also, they yield the greatest amount of information and allow the applicant latitude in responding. They permit you to assess verbal communication skills and to observe the applicant's pattern of body language. Most importantly, these questions provide information upon which you can build additional questions. (Be careful: if the applicant volunteers information that violates Employment Laws or has the potential for illegal use, bring the applicant back to the focus of the question).

Closed-Ended (Interrogator) Questions
These questions should be avoided because they can be answered generally with "yes" or "no." They often begin with words such as "did," "have," "do," "would," and "are." These questions will put pressure on you to keep the interview moving along because they do not encourage the applicant to elaborate on a question since they only require a single answer.

Behavioral Style Questions
Based on the premise that past performance is the best predictor of future performance, these questions solicit examples of how the candidate has performed in the past.

Competency-Based Questions
These questions measure the candidate's knowledge in job relevant areas.

Leading Questions
These questions should be avoided because they imply that there is a single, correct answer and lead the interviewee to the answer you are looking for or prefer. Remember that you want to ask the applicant, not tell him/her.

Informational or Broad-Brush Questions
These questions require an applicant to demonstrate an ability to think about a broad subject area, choose what to include in his/her response, and organize his/her thoughts. Do not allow a candidate to throw the question back at you as a way of avoiding the question. The following example will show you how to respond if this happens.

Compare and Contrast Questions
Questions that ask an applicant to compare or contrast two situations or to choose between two equally attractive alternatives can reveal an interviewee's analytical and reasoning abilities.

Loaded Questions
These are questions that force an applicant to choose between two undesirable alternatives. This puts the applicant on the spot and these questions should be avoided, as they do not usually provide any valid information.

Self-Appraisal Questions
These force an applicant to reflect on his/her own personality and abilities and will provide you with an opportunity to understand the applicant as he/she sees himself/herself.

Multiple Questions
Asking multiple questions at once only confuses the applicant and makes it difficult for you to get the information you are seeking.

Hypothetical or Situational Questions
These are questions that oblige candidates to imagine how they would react in certain situations.

Probing Questions
These are questions that allow you to delve deeper for needed information. They are usually short and simply worded. A one-step probe, beginning with the words "who," "what," "when," and "where," is designed to collect a limited amount of basic information. A two-step probe, beginning with the words "how" and "why," explores a candidate's qualifications in greater depth to gain an increased level of information. Applicants tend to feel defensive if asked too many probing questions consecutively.

Pause or Silence
Compels the candidate to talk further on a given topic or to fill the void with further conversation.

The Echo
Interviewer simply repeats what the candidate just said in the form of a question.

The Compliment
Interviewer offers praise (must be sincere), encouraging candidate to reveal more information on the subject.

Use of Examples
Interviewer asks for examples to support a broad statement previously made by the candidate or to elicit more information on how something was accomplished.

Self-Disclosure
Interviewer says something of a personal nature about himself/herself to help the candidate feel more comfortable about a potentially sensitive topic area.


Guidelines for Developing Interviewing Questions

In many cases, where interviewers feel the need to decide whether a particular question is a good one or not - there is no easy answer. However, there are a few standards to use that will help guide your decision. Make certain the question does not violate EEO laws, you find it interesting, and are likely to obtain valuable information from it. If the question meets these standards, then ask the question. Otherwise, do not. Avoid asking questions that have the potential of being considered illegal or discriminatory.

Depending on your tone of voice and facial expressions (communication cues), those around you can interpret the question as a good, average, or poor question. Furthermore, the way a question is phrased and its temporal placement can have a considerable impact.

Don't be overly influenced by what you were asked as a candidate for a position, when deciding on what questions to ask. Formulate your own questions that will help you seek the information you need to fill the position successfully.

Don't shy away from asking questions regarding topics that you may have limited knowledge of. Such questions will enable you to determine whether the applicant can formulate his/her answer in an easy, understandable way.

Valuable information can be gained about a candidate from an experience or interest the candidate has even though it is seemingly quite remote from the job for which the candidate is interviewing.

It's acceptable to vary your interviews slightly. Discuss something new with each applicant. Not only are you more likely to listen to something new, you are also less likely to get rehearsed answers. You are more likely to conduct an effective interview if you try to learn about the particular candidate in front of you rather than asking only prepared questions. However, it is extremely important that the same general format is followed and the same general question content is asked of all applicants.

If you want to test a particular question, ask yourself whether it is:

In all likelihood, you will be asking a good, acceptable question if you've answered "yes" to each of the above questions.


Questions to Avoid During the Interview

See also examples of acceptable/discriminatory questions.


Examples of Acceptable/Discriminatory Questions

See also questions to avoid during the interview.

Interview questions should be focused on obtaining information necessary to assess the skills and qualifications of the candidate and/or the candidate's ability to perform the essential functions of the position. Interviewers must avoid questions that request information that is illegal or has a discriminatory impact. The following are examples of questions that are acceptable or should be avoided.

Questions about Name that Should be Avoided

Questions about Name that are Acceptable

Questions about Birthplace and Residence that Should be Avoided

Question about Birthplace and Residence that is Acceptable

Questions about Creed/Religion that Should be Avoided

Question about Creed/Religion that is Acceptable

Questions about Race or Color that Should be Avoided

Questions about Photographs that Should be Avoided

Questions about Age that Should be Avoided

Question about Age that is Acceptable

Questions about Language that Should be Avoided

Question about Language that is Acceptable

Questions about Relatives that Should be Avoided

Questions about Relatives that are Acceptable

Questions about National Origin and Ancestry that Should be Avoided

Questions about Citizenship that are Acceptable

Questions about Military Experience that Should be Avoided

Questions about Military Experience that are Acceptable

Question about References that Should be Avoided

Questions about References that are Acceptable

Questions about Sex and Marital Status that Should be Avoided

Questions about Arrest and Conviction that Should be Avoided

Questions about Arrest and Conviction that are Acceptable

Question about Height and Weight that Should be Avoided

Questions about Disabilities that Should be Avoided

Questions about Disabilities that are Acceptable

Miscellaneous Questions that are Discriminatory

Miscellaneous Questions that are Acceptable


Advantages of Using Prepared Questions


Behavioral Interview Questions

Some interview questions may be "behaviorally based," implying that the questions you ask should examine past or present behavior. Such questions attempt to measure how a person is likely to behave in certain situations. Behavioral questions should be designed to help evaluate an applicant's ability to perform certain elements or key competencies deemed critical to the performance of the position. The following are some examples of behavior-based questions that reflect situations an applicant could encounter on the job. The competencies they measure precede the questions:

Communication and Interpersonal Skills

Assertiveness

Job Performance

Creativity and Imagination

Decision-Making

Willingness to Take Risks

Political Astuteness

Integrity

Teamwork

Customer Service

Operating Style

Management Style, Philosophy and Effectiveness


Questions to Ask Support Staff

Strengths

Weaknesses

Education

Interpersonal & Communication Skills

Planning and Organizational Skills

Traits and Characteristics

Analytical Ability

Teamwork

Service Excellence or Customer Service

Ambition

Persuasiveness and Job-Related Questions


Questions to Ask Supervisors/Managers